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Cost Per Click (CPC) Advertising: Definition, Formulas & Optimization Strategies

Choosing the right payment strategy for an online advertising campaign can be confusing and overwhelming. Especially when a business is trying to stretch budgets as far as possible and prevent overspending on ads too early in the campaign.

Pay-Per-Click (PPC) advertising is one of the most popular options that digital marketers use today.

Cost-Per-Click, or CPC, is the financial metric that determines how much it costs a business to attract a visitor to its website, and is a core metric to consider when determining the overall cost of customer acquisition.

In this definition, you'll learn why CPC is important, how to calculate CPC, and how to improve campaign results while maximizing online advertising budgets.

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CPC Definition: What does cost per click mean?

CPC (Cost-per-Click) is a metric that determines the cost of ads placed on search engines, websites or social media, based on how many clicks it receives. When an advertiser creates a PPC campaign, they may also set the maximum cost-per-click – or "max. CPC" – as an upper limit of what they are willing to spend on each click on the ad.

Why is CPC important?

Online advertising platforms operate on a bid system. Typically, the more an advertiser is willing to pay for a click, the higher priority the ad gets when shown to the target market.


Not only does CPC determine the cost of an ad campaign for a brand, but it also serves as a metric to measure its performance against other ads in the auction.

When an ad performs well, advertisers are rewarded with more impressions, lower costs per click, and a lower cost of customer acquisition.

 

 

 

CPC vs. CPM


CPC is a popular alternative to buying ads on a CPM (cost per mille) basis – also known as “cost per thousand impressions.” The CPM ad strategy relies on the number of times a user might see an ad or impression. Instead of paying per click, a marketer would pay a flat fee (e.g., $10) for every thousand ad impressions viewed by a target audience.

Businesses seeking to generate new leads or online transactions rather than brand awareness are more likely to use CPC over CPM. That’s because a click can indicate whether a user intends to purchase a product.

However, the choice depends on the ad campaign objective, and most publishers offer both CPC and CPM ad-buying opportunities.

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How is cost per click (CPC) calculated?

Use the formula below when calculating the cost per click for an ad campaign:

Cost per click (CPC) = The total cost of the ad campaign budget / Total number of user clicks

For example, if a marketer has a $1750 advertising budget, and the ad campaign goal is to generate 7,000 clicks to a branded website, they would need to spend an average of $0.25 or less per click.

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Keep in mind, the CPC can depend on many factors including:

  • The target audience: Some audiences cost more to target (e.g., CEOs, VPs or Directors). Therefore, the cost per click for these campaigns can be higher in many cases
  • Ad formats and placements: Some ad placements are more desirable than others, which will be reflected in their CPCs
  • The target keywords: Some are more expensive than others, so businesses should expect the average cost per click to be higher, too
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Pro Tip

To calculate the average cost per click in a CPC ad campaign, divide the total cost for all clicks received in a campaign by the total number of user clicks.

Average CPC = The total cost for all clicks / The total number of user clicks

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Advantages of buying CPC ads

There are many advantages to CPC advertising.

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1. Cost-efficiency

CPC ads are often viewed as more cost-efficient than CPM ads because businesses only pay when a customer clicks on an ad. However, the cost efficiency and ad conversion rate, or the percentage of clicks that result in a sale, depend on many factors, such as:

 

  • Clearly defined target audience(s) and campaign goals

 

  • An optimized landing page

 

  • A clear call to action in an ad (e.g., Learn more, register, and sign up)

2. Reach a highly desired audience

CPC ads help businesses drive a high volume of targeted customer traffic to a website or landing page throughout the campaign.

3. Accurate performance tracking

Many advertising platforms enable marketers to track campaign performance on the backend. Once marketers create an account and set up a CPC campaign, they can track whether users are converting or buying something on the targeted website. Likewise, marketers can track if a user has taken action, such as an email sign-up or downloading content after they click on an ad.

4. Campaign optimization

Ad campaign performance data can help marketers optimize their ad spend and maximize performance. Optimization involves increasing or decreasing bids per click to improve the overall return on investment (ROI) or return on ad spend (ROAS). We will provide some additional CPC ad optimization tips later in this post.

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Setting up a CPC marketing campaign

To minimize risk, advertisers who are new to CPC should run a test campaign and manually set their desired cost-per-click (CPC) and daily expenditure to alleviate any worries about bidding too high in a CPC auction.

 

Start by setting up a campaign in the ad platform account, choose “Manual bidding,” then input a maximum delivery bid type per click and a maximum daily ad campaign budget.

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CPC ad(s) will run on mobile devices, desktop devices, or both and compete against other advertisers in an auction-based system.

 

Manual CPC bidding ads will never go over the set maximum bid or daily budget. Likewise, the ads with the highest bid and relevancy score (or quality score) for a particular target keyword or audience will be displayed on the page in each ad auction.

 

To learn how an ad auction works, watch the video below:

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Automated bidding options

After learning from test campaigns, brands can choose from other automated bidding types.

  1. Maximum Delivery Bidding: Many ad platforms use historical campaign data and user information to automatically set the right bid for an ad via machine learning. With maximum delivery bidding, marketers are more likely to get the best results for the full ad spend or budget. However, businesses have less control over how much gets paid per click.

  2. Target Cost Bidding: CPC campaigns will be automatically optimized to generate the best results that meet a specified target cost (or up to 30% higher). Target Cost Bidding is recommended for advertisers who want cost predictability with a CPC ad campaign.
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What is a good CPC?

CPC rates differ between business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) audiences, as well as by targeted industry and country.

 

 

 

Is it better to have a lower or higher CPC?


A lower CPC typically will generate a high volume of clicks for an ad campaign and budget. However, lower doesn’t always mean better.

If businesses want to target a highly valued customer audience (e.g., CEOs or CIOs), then each click is more valuable and could result in a higher return on investment.

The popularity of a keyword or product category can also make CPC bidding more competitive in an ad auction, which will likely increase the CPC rates in many cases.

Having a lower or higher CPC rate is, therefore, a reflection of supply and demand for different products, keywords, target customer access, and ad placements.

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How does targeting impact cost-per-click?

With the same creative, marketers can get a higher or a lower CPC using more granular targeting parameters, such as:

  1. Geo-targeting: Targeting only the cities or regions where an audience is located will help maximize the ad spend budget and match the CPCs of that region versus a broader geo-targeted audience.

  2. The targeted device: Mobile and tablet-only targeted campaigns can have different CPC pricing than desktop-only targeting or a combination of both. Again, it depends on the campaign goals and desired outcome.

  3. Customer profile targeting: It’s critical to have a well-defined target audience with “audience attributes” such as demographics, education, and job experience. Ad copy and creative that speaks directly to that audience will also boost an ads’ relevancy score, which we’ll talk about next.
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Test and improve CPC ad campaigns over time

CPC marketing campaigns are a great place to start with online advertising. Especially when a campaign goal is to drive a high volume of targeted customer traffic to a website or company page while keeping control over budgets.


Brands can run a test campaign and manually set the bids per click, as well as the maximum daily budget. Then run future campaigns with automated bidding types and focus on key optimization strategies to improve CPCs:

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1. Optimize the ad quality or relevancy score

To increase the CPC ad quality or relevancy scoreopens in a new tab in an auction, try:

 

 

 

  • Improving the landing page design and copy to lower bounce rates

 

  • Narrowing target audience attributes

 

  • Testing different advertising formats, copy and design to see which ones are more relevant to the target audience

2. Experiment with bidding strategies

If a campaign’s daily budget gets spent easily every day, try lowering the manual CPC bid to see if it will still deliver in full. Sometimes broadening the target audience can surprisingly lower the CPC, as well. Particularly if the target audience is very small. Again, it all depends on individual campaign goals. Additionally, marketers can pause campaigns or ad formats that don’t have a high click-through rate.

3. Run an A/B or split test

Use web analytics and campaign data to run an A/B split test to determineopens in a new tab which ad copy and creative ad variations are generating higher click-through rates.

Additional LinkedIn CPC resources

  1. Where can I learn how to buy CPC ads on LinkedIn?
    To get started with a CPC ad campaign that can reach millions LinkedIn members online, refer to: “How to advertise on LinkedIn.”

  2. How do I set the right bids for my LinkedIn CPC ad campaigns?
    To find the right strategy that meets an ad campaign’s goals, review the different CPC bidding options available on LinkedIn.

  3. How can I learn to use LinkedIn advertising to its full potential?
    LinkedIn Marketing Labs has a number of training certification courses that teach the ins and outs of the LinkedIn Advertising platform.
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